Empatía y factores asociados en varias fases del desarrollo curricular en estudiantes de medicina en México

Abstract

ABSTRACT Foundation the expression of empathy in the doctor-patient relationship has multiple benefits in health care. The evidence indicates lower empathy in advanced stages of curriculum development in medicine. There is little information about it in the Mexican population. Objective: to identify the level of general empathy and its associated factors in three different moments of the curricular development in Mexican medical students. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted at the Higher School of Medicine of a private university in Mexico City, on 161 medical students enrolled in the first, third and fifth semesters of the medical degree that completed the multidimensional empathy scale, reduced version. Analyzes were performed by semester and sex; Subgroups with different levels of empathy were identified and an analysis was carried out with risk estimators. Results: women were more empathetic than men (p = 0.0001) except in the detection of other people's emotions that showed no differences between sexes (p = 0.99). Women did not show differences between semesters (p> 0.05), the first semester men were more empathetic than the third and fifth (p = 0.005), particularly to detect other people's emotions (p = 0.002). Being a man increased the probability of showing a lower level of empathy (OR = 2.36, p = 0.02). Conclusions: the lower empathy level in male students of advanced medicine semesters can compromise the benefits so far reported of the ability expression in the doctor-patient relationship and consequently decreases the quality of care. An empathy instructional strategy is necessary for this student group.