Coronary Artery Dilation in Children with Febrile Exanthematous Illness without Criteria for Kawasaki Disease

Abstract

Coronary dilatation is the most important complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) and, in addition to some clinical characteristics, is common to KD and febrile exanthematous illnesses (FEIs).

: To assess whether children with FEI, who do not meet the criteria for KD, have changes in coronary arteries dimensions.

METHODS: Echocardiography was performed within the first two weeks of the disease in patients 10 years with fever and exanthema without other KD criteria. To make a comparison with KD patients, we reviewed the echocardiograms and medical records of patients with a diagnosis of KD of the last five years. Coronary ectasia was assessed using Z scores of coronary arteries. The means of the dimensions of the coronary arteries were compared with a z test and a level of significance of 0.05 was adopted.

RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were included, 22 (64.7%) with FEI, and 12(35.2%) with a diagnosis of KD. Using the Z scores of coronary artery, a dilation of any of the coronary artery branches was observed in six (27.2%) patients with FEI.

CONCLUSIONS: An important percentage of patients with FEI has coronary artery dilation.