Food habits, physical activities sedentary lifestyles of eutrophic obese school children: a case control study

Abstract

Background: Civilization has produced lifestyle changes; currently, people ingest more calories than are expended, resulting in obesity. This study assessed the association between dietary habits, physical activities, sedentary behaviors the risk of obesity in schoolchildren in Mexico City. Methods: Of 1,441 children (6–12 years old) screened in elementary schools, 202 obese (BMI ≥95th pc) 200 normal weight children (BMI 25th 75th pc), as defined by the 2000 CDC criteria, were included in a case–control study. The children’s eating, physical activity sedentary lifestyle habits were recorded using validated questionnaires. The quantity quality of the foods were obtained, the energy that was expended was transformed into METs. Sedentary behavior was assessed in hours. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risks of certain habits their association with obesity. Results: Obese children ingested around of 270 Kcal less than eutrophic children. However, compared with the eutrophic children, obese children had significantly worse lifestyle habits; the children with healthy dietary habits (eating breakfast at home, bringing a school lunch, not bringing money to purchase food) had a lower risk of obesity (OR 0.59, CI 0.46; 0.75). The quality of the eaten food was associated with a risk of obesity. Consuming fruit demonstrated an inverse association with risk of obesity (p Trend = 0.01); consumption of sweetened beverages (p Trend < 0.04) refined carbohydrates with added fat (p Trend = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of obesity. Children who were more physically active at school had an OR of 0.37 (CI 0.16; 0.89), those who had 3–4 televisions at home had an OR of 2.13 (CI 1.20; 3.78), the risk of developing obesity was independent of caloric intake. Conclusions: Poorer eating habits as well as less physical activity were associated with the risk of obesity. An obesogenic environment could change if teachers parents worked together to form healthy food intake and physical activity habits.